社交媒体的政治经济学

Edited by Filipe R. Campante, RubenDuranteand Andrea Tesei The Political Economy ofSocialMedia The Political Economy ofSocialMedia WITH SUPPORT OF CEPR PARIS FOUNDING PARTNERS CEPR PRESS Centre for Economic Policy Research187 boulevard Saint-Germain75007, Paris, France 33 Great Sutton StreetLondon, EC1V 0DX, UK Tel: +44 (0)20 7183 8801Email: cepr@cepr.orgWeb: www.cepr.org ISBN: 978-1-912179-80-0 Copyright © CEPR Press The Political Economy ofSocialMedia Edited by Filipe R. Campante,RubenDurante and Andrea Tesei CENTRE FOR ECONOMIC POLICY RESEARCH (CEPR) The Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) is a network of over 1,700 researcheconomists based mostly in European universities. The Centre’s goal is twofold: topromote world-class research, and to get the policy-relevant results into the hands of keydecision-makers. CEPR’s guiding principle is ‘Research excellence with policy relevance’.It was founded in the UK in 1983, where it is a Charity, and in November 2019 CEPRinitiated the creation of an Association under French law, in order to provide a vehicle foran expansion in France. The members of the Conseil d’Administration of the Associationare identical to the UK Board of Trustees. CEPR is independent of all public and private interest groups. It takes no institutionalstand on economic policy matters and its core funding comes from its InstitutionalMembers, projects that it runs and sales of publications. Because it draws on such a largenetwork of researchers, its output reflects a broad spectrum of individual viewpoints aswell as perspectives drawn from civil society. CEPR research may include views on policy,but the Trustees/members of the Conseil d’Administration of the Association do not giveprior review to its publications. The opinions expressed in this report are those of theauthors and not those of CEPR. Sir Charlie BeanRichard PortesBeatrice Weder di MauroMaristella BotticiniPhilippe MartinUgo PanizzaMar ReguantHélène ReyTessa Ogden Chair of the BoardFounder and Honorary PresidentPresidentVice Presidents Chief Executive Officer Contents Forewordvii Introduction9Filipe R. Campante, Ruben Durante and Andrea Tesei Section 1 Welfare effects of social media 1 The welfare effects of social media25Hunt Allcott, Luca Braghieri, Sarah Eichmeyer and Matthew Gentzkow 2 Social media and mental health31Luca Braghieri, Ro’ee Levy and Alexey Makarin Section 2 Social media and voters 3 Social media, news consumption and polarisation47Ro’ee Levy 4 Homophily, group size and the diffusion of political information in socialnetworks59Yosh Halberstam and Brian Knight 5 Political implications of the rise of mobile broadband internet67Sergei Guriev, Nikita Melnikov and Ekaterina Zhuravskaya 6 Mobile internet and the rise of communitarian politics77Marco Manacorda, Guido Tabellini and Andrea Tesei 7 The effect of social media on elections: Evidence from the United States89Thomas Fujiwara, Karsten Müller and Carlo Schwarz Section 3 Social media and politicians 8 Politics 2.0: The multifaceted effect of broadband internet on politicalparticipation101Filipe Campante, Ruben Durante and Francesco Sobbrio 9 New technologies and political competition: The impact of social mediacommunication on political contributions111Maria Petrova, Ananya Sen and Pinar Yildirim Section 4 Social media and mobilisation 10 Social media and protest participation: Evidence from Russia121Ruben Enikolopov, Alexey Makarin and Maria Petrova 11 Social media and mobilisation131Leopoldo Fergusson and Carlos Molina 12 Liberation technology: Mobile phones and political mobilisation in Africa143Marco Manacorda and Andrea Tesei Section 5 Social media and hatred 13 Social media and Xenophobia: Evidence from Russia153Leonardo Bursztyn, Georgy Egorov, Ruben Enikolopov and Maria Petrova 14 Can social media spur offline hatred?163Karsten Müller and Carlo Schwarz Section 6 Social media in autocracies 15 The political economy of social media inChina175Bei Qin, David Strömberg and Yanhui Wu 16 Social media in autocracies185David Y. Yang Section 7 Social media and legacy media 195 17 Social media and legacy mediaSophie Hatte and Ekaterina Zhuravskaya 18 Contagion from social media to mainstream media203Julia Cagé, Nicolas Hervé and Béatrice Mazoyer Foreword The rise of social media has profoundly transformed society, reshaping communicationand information consumption. Its widespread use has placed unprecedented pressureon norms and institutions, challenging them to adapt to a rapidly changing social andpolitical landscape. Its legacy, meanwhile, is already being fiercely contested by academics. This eBook brings together a diverse array of contributions focusing on the politicaleconomics of social media, providing a comprehensive exploration of the impact of theinternet and social media on the global political landscape. The chapters contributevaluable insights into the welfare effects of social media, highlighting