Actions on Air Quality: A Global Summary of Policies and Programmes to Reduce Air Pollution

Air Pollution SeriesActions on Air QualityA Global Summary of Policies and Programmes to Reduce Air Pollution © 2021 United Nations Environment ProgrammeISBN: 978-92-807-3880-3 Job number: DTI/2378/NAThis publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. The United Nations Environment Programme would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source.No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the United Nations Environment Programme. Applications for such permission, with a statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Director, Communication Division, UNEP, P.O. Box 30552, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya.DisclaimersThe designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Moreover, the views expressed do not necessarily represent the decision or the stated policy of the United Nations Environment Programme, nor does citing of trade names or commercial processes constitute endorsement.Links contained in the present publication are provided for the convenience of the reader and are correct at the time of issue. The United Nations Environment Programme takes no responsibility for the continued accuracy of that information or for the content of any external website.Suggested citation: United Nations Environment Programme (2021). Actions on Air Quality: A Global Summary of Policies and Programmes to Reduce Air Pollution. Nairobi.© Maps, photos and illustrations as specifiedProduction United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)https://www.unep.org© Photo: Shutterstock Layout: Jinita Shah, Publishing Section NairobiPublishing manager: Pouran Ghaffarpour (UNON Publishing Services Section)UNEP promotes environmentally sound pr actices globally and in its own activities. Our distribution policy aims to reduce UNEP's carbon footprint. Actions on Air Quality A Global summary of policies and programmes to reduce air pollution ACTIONS ON AIR QUALITY2This report is authored by the Pollution and Health Unit of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Staff members involved in its production include Soraya Smaoun, Victor Nthusi, Maria Cristina Zucca, Valentin Foltescu and Richard Miesen. The report was prepared with the assistance of Orbis Air, LLC including Gary Kleiman and Susan Anenberg. The team expresses great appreciation to a number of internal UNEP reviewers who provided comments on early drafts including Kakuko Nagatani-Yoshida, Maria Katherina Patdu, Tomas Marques, Jordi Pon, Luisa Gonzalez, Hilary French, Iyngararasan Mylvakanam, Charles Sebukeera, Sean Khan, Rob De Jong, Jane Akumu, Bert Fabian, Maria Socorro Manguiat, Pushpam Kumar, Atif Ikram Butt, Monika MacDevette and Ligia Noronha. We also wish to thank a panel of external reviewers that included Ernesto Sanchez-Triana of the World Bank, Sara Terry of the United States Environmental Protection Agency, Beatriz Cardena of the World Resources Institute, Tirusha Thambiran of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, South Africa, Sophie Gumy of the World Health Organization, Johan Kuylenstierna of the Stockholm Environment Institute, George Mwaniki of the Patra Foundation, Kenya, Najat Saliba of the American University of Beirut, Lebanon, Frank Murray of Murdoch University, Australia and Nguyen Thi Kim Oanh of the Asian Institute of Technology. The team also wishes to thank all representatives of Member States that responded to the survey, enabling this assessment.Acknowledgements 3ACTIONS ON AIR QUALITYTable of ContentsAcknowledgements 2List of abbreviations and acronyms 4Executive summary 51. AIR QUALITY POLICY ACTIONS WORLDWIDE 13A. Introduction 13B. Trends in sectoral and non-sectoral air quality management actions 16C. Objective and approach of the present report 172. GLOBAL AND REGIONAL STATUS OF AIR QUALITY POLICY 19A. Status of ambient standards 19B. Finance for comprehensive air quality management planning 22C. Air quality monitoring and management: implementation approach 23D. Non-financial barriers or obstacles to air quality action 243. INDUSTRIAL EMISSIONS 274. ON-ROAD TRANSPORT 315. WASTE 376. RESIDENTIAL (HOUSEHOLD AIR POLLUTION) 417. AGRICULTURE 458. GLOBAL SNAPSHOT 49A. Global progress 49B. Co