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蒙古供暖系统的可再生能源解决方案：制定战略性供暖计划

公用事业 2023-09-07 IRENA 王英杰

Executive Summary

Introduction to Heating Systems in Mongolia

Renewable Energy Solutions for Heating Systems in Mongolia aims to develop a strategic heating plan to address the current heating situation, focusing on the potential of renewable energy sources in Mongolia's heating systems. The report acknowledges the significant environmental and energy challenges faced by Mongolia, particularly in the context of climate change and air quality issues, and emphasizes the importance of transitioning to sustainable heating solutions.

Current Heating Situation and Challenges

Air Quality: High levels of particulate matter (PM2.5) in Ulaanbaatar, affecting public health.
Energy Demand: Significant heating demand, especially in urban areas like Ulaanbaatar, driven by traditional heating methods such as coal and wood.
Resource Availability: Potential for renewable energy sources, including geothermal, solar, wind, and bioenergy, which could be harnessed for heating purposes.

Need for Strategic Heat Plan

Climate Targets: Aligning with global and national climate goals to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve energy efficiency.
Sustainability and Efficiency: Implementing renewable energy solutions to enhance heating systems' sustainability and efficiency.
Economic Benefits: Reducing energy costs and creating local job opportunities through green energy transitions.

Strategic Heating Plan Scope and Methodology

General Definition: Aims to outline a comprehensive approach to integrating renewable energy into heating systems.
Scope: Focuses on both district heating systems and individual heating solutions across Mongolia.
Methodology: Utilizes data-driven approaches, including energy system modeling, to assess and optimize heating solutions.

Key Findings and Recommendations

Heat Demand Assessment: Identifies high demand for heating, particularly in urban areas, and evaluates potential savings from energy efficiency improvements.
Renewable Energy Resources: Highlights the potential of geothermal, solar, wind, and bioenergy for heating applications, considering their availability and technological feasibility.
Case Studies: Provides detailed analyses of successful implementations in Ulaanbaatar and Khovd, showcasing practical applications of renewable heating solutions.
Barriers and Recommendations: Identifies challenges such as technical and regulatory obstacles and proposes strategies to overcome them, including policy support, infrastructure development, and stakeholder engagement.

Conclusion

The report underscores the pivotal role of renewable energy in addressing Mongolia's heating needs while contributing to broader environmental and economic objectives. It advocates for a strategic approach that leverages existing resources and technologies to create sustainable heating systems, emphasizing the importance of collaboration among stakeholders, including government, industry, and communities, to drive effective implementation and impact.

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Developing a strategic heating plan © IRENA 2023 Unless otherwise stated, material in this publication may be freely used, shared, copied, reproduced, printedand/or stored, provided that appropriate acknowledgement is given of IRENA as the source and copyrightholder. Material in this publication that is attributed to third parties may be subject to separate terms of use andrestrictions, and appropriate permissions from these third parties may need to be secured before any use of suchmaterial. ISBN:978-92-9260-535-3 Citation:IRENA (2023),Renewable energy solutions for heating systems in Mongolia: Developing a Strategicheating plan, International Renewable Energy Agency, Abu Dhabi. About IRENA The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) is an intergovernmental organisation that supportscountries in their transition to a sustainable energy future, and serves as the principal platform for internationalco-operation, a centre of excellence, and a repository of policy, technology, resource and financial knowledgeon renewable energy. IRENA promotes the widespread adoption and sustainable use of all forms of renewableenergy, including bioenergy, geothermal, hydropower, ocean, solar and wind energy, in the pursuit of sustainabledevelopment, energy access, energy security and low-carbon economic growth and prosperity. www.irena.org Acknowledgements This report was developed by IRENA with the technical support of Aalborg University. Inputs, feedback andsupport with data collection were received from the following Mongolian experts: Ganzorig Shagdarsuren,Enkhtuya Yondonjamts and Namjiljav Batchuluun (Ministry of Energy of Mongolia), Batjargal Zamba (Ministry ofEnvironment and Tourism of Mongolia), Enkhjargal B. (Energy Regulatory Commission), Erdenebayar Batbuyanand Batmend Luvsandorj (Ulaanbaatar district heating company), Ulemj Damiran and Byambatsogt Pashka(Mongolian of University Science and Technology), and Byambatumur (Khovd). Further input was received fromthe following international experts: Lars Gulev (VEKS, Denmark), William Kwihyun Kahng (South Korea DistrictHeating Company), Bayarkhuu Chinzorigt (GGGI), Dunja Hoffmann (GIZ) and Yasin Janjua (UNDP). Contributors: The report was prepared under the overall guidance of Gurbuz Gonul (Director, Country Engagementand Partnerships, IRENA) and Amjad Abdulla (IRENA). It was authored by Jack Kiruja and Joong Yeop Lee(IRENA), Michelle Ramirez (ex-IRENA), Steffen Neilsen, Diana Moreno, Frederik Dahl Nielsen and Hamza Abid(Aalborg University) and Erbar Agarjav (Consultant). Valuable input was also provided by IRENA colleaguesSimon Benmarraze, Francisco Boshell, Abbie Dean, Jinlei Feng, Ricardo Gorini, Hannah Guinto, Paul Komor, PaulaNardone, Pablo Ralon and Warih Aji Pamungkas. The report was edited by Justin French-Brooks; layout anddesign were provided by Glendon Bunn. This report was developed in the framework of the Global Geothermal Alliance, amulti-stakeholder platform for enhancing dialogue, co-operation and co-ordinatedaction to foster deployment of geothermal energy. IRENA is grateful for the support provided by the Government of Norway in producing this publication.For further information or to provide feedback:publications@irena.orgThis report is available for download at:www.irena.org/publications Disclaimer This publication and the material herein are provided “as is”. All reasonable precautions have been taken by IRENA to verify the reliability ofthe material in this publication. However, neither IRENA nor any of its officials, agents, data or other third-party content providers provides awarranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, and they accept no responsibility or liability for any consequence of use of the publicationor material herein. The information contained herein does not necessarily represent the views of all Members of IRENA. The mention of specific companies orcertain projects or products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by IRENA in preference to others of a similar nature thatare not mentioned. The designations employed and the presentation of material herein do not imply the expression of any opinion on thepart of IRENA concerning the legal status of any region, country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation offrontiers or boundaries. Contents Figures Tables8 Abbreviations9 Executive summary10 1.1The current heating situation in Mongolia151.2Main challenges and opportunities161.3Climate targets201.4Need for a strategic heat plan20 2Strategic heating plan scope and methodology21 2.1Defining strategic heat planning in general212.2Scope of the plan252.3Methodology25 3Heat demand and renewable energy resources30 3.1Heat demand in existing buildings and saving potential303.2District heating potential for the energy system analysis363.3Individual heating demand383.4Heat demand in new buildings383.5Geothermal393.6Solar potential413.7Wind potential443.8Bi

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