通感一体化系统架构与关键技术WHITE PAPER V9.0B2023.03 引言 通感一体化业务与性能指标通感一体化业务分类 ··················································通感一体化业务的性能指标 ············································· 通感一体化典型业务 ·················································· 通感一体化主要标准组织的进展 通感一体化系统架构通感融合发展层级····················································感知服务参考模型····················································感知功能···························································感知方式···························································通感一体化空口关键技术通感一体化波形与信号设计··············································通感一体化波形简介·····················································基于通信波形的一体化波形················································基于感知波形的一体化波形················································基于通感融合的一体化波形················································波形与信号设计性能评估准则··············································多天线感知技术······················································基于虚拟阵列的多天线感知技术·············································基于波束赋形的多天线感知技术·············································网络协作通感一体化···················································系统模型······························································关键技术······························································感知非理想因素的消除技术··············································感知非理想因素及其影响··················································非理想因素的消除方法···················································多频点协作感知技术···················································多频点协作感知技术的研究意义············································多频点协作感知技术的架构分析············································多频点协作感知技术的难点分析············································1 2 2.1 2.22.3 3 4 4.1 4.24.34.455.15.1.15.1.25.1.35.1.45.1.55.25.2.15.2.25.35.3.15.3.25.45.4.15.4.25.55.5.15.5.25.5.301 020203041218181920232425252526272830303335353640404449495254目录 通感一体化的移动性管理···············································感知辅助通信的移动性管理················································感知业务的连续性管理···················································通 感 一 体 化 的 链 路 自 适 应 技 术 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 基本流程······························································测量量和调节参数·······················································基于 RIS 的通感一体化技术··············································RIS 辅助的定位技术······················································RIS 辅助的感知技术······················································感知辅助的 RIS 通信系统·················································· 基于反向散射的感知与定位技术····· ·····································反向散射通信技术原理···················································基于反向散射的感知技术··················································基于反向散射的定位技术··················································总结5.65.6.15.6.25.7 5.7.1 5.7.25.8 5.8.1 5.8.2 5.8.3 5.9 5.9.15.9.25.9.36参考文献缩略语白皮书贡献人员5454606 1 6161 6 7 67 6869 70 70717478798589 1. 引言5G 是为支持通信服务而设计的。具体的，5G 支持 eMBB（Enhanced Mobile Broadband，增强移动宽带），URLLC（Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications，超高可靠和超低时延通信）和 mMTC（Massive Machine Type Communication，大规模机器类通信）三大类通信应用场景。5G新空口的第一个版本（Release 15）没有考虑感知服务。5G 新空口的增强版本（Release 16）开始支持基于 LMF（Location Management Function，定位管理功能）的 UE 定位服务。但是 5G 感知的范畴比较有限，5G 只支持对有源设备如 UE 的位置的感知，不提供对无源物体的速度、方向、材质、成像等的感知。因此， 5G 主要扮演着信息传递者的角色。包括沉浸式XR（Extended Reality，扩展现实）、全息远程呈现、交互型3D虚拟数字人、协作机器人、无人驾驶、多感官互联、甚至元宇宙在内的未来新业务对通信、感知和计算都提出了很高的要求。面向 6G，移动通信系统扮演的角色将发生变化，除了信息传递者之外，6G 还将扮演信息生产者和信息加工者的角色。信息生产者主要通过提供感知服务来实现的，而信息加工者是通过提供计算服务来实现的。如图 1-1 所示，6G 将原生地支持通信、感知和计算服务，成为支撑未来社会高效可持续发展的网络信息底座，赋能缤纷多彩的未来新业务。无线通信和无线感知均基于电磁波理论，电磁波信号在人类活动的高价值场景几乎实现了无缝覆盖。在发送端对电磁波信号进行调制，使得电磁波承载信源信息，而电磁波信号在传播过程中会受到无线环境的影响，- 01 -通感一体化系统架构与关键技术图 1-1. 5G 到 6G 服务范式的转变通感一体化系统架构与关键技术 即电磁波信号受到环境调制因此也承载了环境信息。接收端通过对电磁波信号的分析，不仅能够得到所承载的信源信息，还能够提取出反映传播环境特征的感知信息，也就是说，电磁波信号具有与生俱来的通信与感知双重功能，这就使得通信感知一体化（Integrated Sensing And Communication，ISAC，简称通感一体化）成为可能。相比感知与通信分离的系统，通感一体化系统能够带来许多优势，例如节约成本、减小设备尺寸、降低功耗、提升频谱效率、减小通信和感知之间的互干扰等。随着 6G 系统的频段向毫米波甚至太赫兹扩展，其频段具有大带宽和高穿透能力的特点，同时将来更大规模天线和更密集网络的部署，将共同推动 6G 提供更高感知精度与更高感知分辨率的感知服务。通感一体化将是 6G的标志特征之一。本白皮书的第二章介绍了通感一体化的业务与性能指标，第三章介绍了全球主要 6G 组织关于通感一体化的进展，第四章给出了通感一体化的系统架构。第五章介绍了通感一体化的九个关键技术。第六章给出了结论。2. 通感一体化业务与性能指标感一体化被认为是 6G 时代具有广泛应用前景的技术，其业务服务范围将突破传统通信维度，可利用相同设备同时提供感知和通信服务。在业务分类方面，可以按照通信与感知的赋能关系，业务应用范围，对感知测量数