行业研究报告，服务于财经领域，整合发布高质量的财经相关领域精品资讯，提供各行业研究报告和干货。我们以微信公众号为基础，覆盖第三方平台为财经相关领域从业群体提供高质量的免费资讯信息服务。 我们的优势： 高质量的内容生产模式、多平台覆盖的整合营销服务、超百余万的高净值人群粉丝、专业、稳定的管理与团队。 旗下的矩阵号： 行业研究资本、行研资本、行研君、IPO智囊团、IPO最前沿、并购大讲堂、科创板的韭菜花、海外投资政策、海外置业政策、海外留学政策、海外留学、全球海外移民政策、番国志。 扫码关注公众号： 行研君 IPO最前沿 全球海外移民政策 报告索取请加：report08 商务合作请加：report998 CENTER FOR DATA INNOVATION 1 Who Is Winning the AI Race: China, the EU, or the United States? — 2021 Update By Daniel Castro and Michael McLaughlin | January 2021 The nations that lead in the development and use of artificial intelligence (AI) will shape the future of the technology and significantly improve their economic competitiveness, while those that fall behind risk losing competitiveness in key industries.1 As a result, more than 30 nations have created national AI strategies to improve their prospects.2 To date, the United States has emerged as the early frontrunner in AI, but China is challenging its lead.3 INTRODUCTION This report examines the progress China, the European Union, and the United States have made in AI relative to each other in recent years and provides an update on a report released on their comparative rankings from 2019. It finds that the United States still holds a substantial overall lead, but that China has continued to reduce the gap in some important areas. In addition, the EU continues to fall behind. Absent significant policy changes in both the EU and United States—particularly the EU changing its regulatory system to be more innovation-friendly, and the United States developing and funding a more proactive national AI strategy—it is likely that the EU will remain behind both the United States and China, and that China will eventually close the gap with the United States. FINDINGS In 2019, the Center for Data Innovation analyzed the AI capabilities of China, the European Union, and the United States using 30 metrics across 6 The United States still holds a substantial overall lead in AI, but China has continued to reduce the gap in some important areas and the EU continues to fall behind. CENTER FOR DATA INNOVATION 2 categories: talent, research, development, hardware, adoption, and data. We found that the United States led in four categories (talent, research, development, and hardware), and China led in two (adoption and data). Out of 100 total available points, the United States led with 44.2 points, followed by China with 32.3 and the European Union with 23.5. This report measures the progress each region has since made in AI by using new data to update 15 of the metrics and add 1 new metric. It finds that the United States still leads, with 44.6 points, followed by China with 32.0 and the European Union with 23.3. To get a sense of each region’s AI strengths in relation to their size, we also calculated scores for each metric by adjusting for the size of their labor forces. Controlling for size, the United States (58.0 points) leads the European Union (24.2) and China (17.8)—although China has narrowed the distance between itself and the United States since our last report. Crucially, China has made incremental progress—reducing the gap or extending its lead over the United States in more than half of the updated metrics. In contrast, the EU has made progress relative to the United States in only slightly more than a quarter of the updated metrics. As such, the United States has maintained or expanded its lead over the European Union in nearly 75 percent of the updated metrics. Despite China’s incremental improvement in many indicators, the United States has slightly increased its overall lead in our scoring system because it has performed extremely well on heavily weighted indicators, such as venture capital and private equity funding. For example, it has an unmatched number of AI start-ups, which received $8 billion more in venture capital and private equity funding than did China in 2019.4 The United States also performs well on several indicators in which China has narrowed the gap somewhat. One example is the research and development (R&D) spending of software and computer services firms. Chinese firms have clearly surpassed EU firms in R&D spending, but U.S. software and computer services firms still spent three times more on R&D than did China and the European Union combined in 2019.5 Furthermore, average U.S. research quality is still higher than that of China and the European Union.6 Lastly, despite China’s growing attempts to reduce its reliance on U.S. semiconductors, the United States is still the world leader in designing chips for AI systems.7 China’s AI capabilities relative to the European Union and the United States have improved in several ways. First, China has surpassed the EU as the world leader in AI publications.8 Second, the quality of its AI research has generally trended upward year to year.9 Third, its software and computer services firms have increased their R&D spending.10 Fourth, China n