2022年全球金融科技监管机构调查报告

CambridgeWORLDBANKGROUPCAMBRIDGEUNIVERSITYOJadge Business SchoolTheGlobal FintechRegulatorSurveyWith the support of:BILLMELINDAUKaidGATESfessdatien TheGlobal FintechRegulator SurveyPlease cite this study as: World Bank aUniversity of Carebridge TableofcontentsForewords.Researchteam.7Acronyms....8Glossary ....Executive summary ...11.Introductionandresearchmotivation-152. Surveymethodologyandsample...182.1 Survey administration and fieldwor.182.2 Sample by geography and income classificatior...193.Medium-termimpactof Covid-19...223.1 The prioritization of fintech due to Covid-19...2.3.2 Fintech, perceived risks, and regulatory objectives in light of Covid-19.253.3 Challenges due to the impact of Covid-19....283.4 The impact of Covid-19 on regulatory innovation initiatives.29Consumerriskandprotection.324.1 Regulatory mandate for financial consumer protection..334.2 Covid-19 and consumer risks...344.3 Emerging consumer risks related to fintech/DF5.. 35.4.4 General level of consumer risks across fintech verticals...364.4.1 Severity of consumer risks in digital assets/cryptocurrencies4.4.2 Severity of consumer risks in digital payments and international remittances394.4.3 Severity of consumer risks in digital lending....40.414.5 Identifying, measuring, and prioritizing fintech-related consumer risks.41.4.6 Challenges in identifying, measuring, and prioritizing consumer risks...424.7 Challenges in addressing fintech-related consumer risks...434.8 Responses to fintech-related consumer risks...445. Thelandscape of digitalregulatory and supervisory infrastructure.5.1 Proposed conceptual framework of digital regulatory and supervisory infrastructure485.2 The data and applicationlayers of DRSI5.3 The regulatory and supervisory activity layer of DRSI..515.4 The sectoral layer of DRSl...... 525.5 Challenges in developing DRSI...556.Supervisorytechnologymapping..586.1 Mapping suptech initiatives......586.2 Outcomes supported by suptech initiatives.606.3 Challenges in developing suptech initiatives.7.Policyimplicationsandareasforfutureresearch..64Bibliography.68Appendix I: List of survey respondents by jurisdiction...75 The 3rd Gl:bal Fintech Rerudator ServeyWORLDBANKGROUPInnovation has transformed financial services, especially over the past decade. Much of this changehas been driven by exponential growth of the global digital economy. which has enabled a dramaticexpansion in access to financial services for poor people. Yet, increased access to digital financialservices has also brought new risksto financial stability and integrity and to consumers. Fincing theright balance between supporting these changes so financial services can adequately meet the needs ofchallenge for financial regulatory authorities.The Global Fintech Regulator Survey provides authorities with an opportunity to take stock of the policyprovides a bird's eye view of how external shocks such as Covid-19 have influenced the trajectory offinancial regulation and supervision of fintech institutions. By surveying jurisdictions from around theworld, with varying income levels and differing policy objectives, the survey highlights global trends inpriorities relating to fintech and perceptions of risk.The first iteration of the survey (in 2019) provided insights into how regulators were initially respondingto developments in equity-crowd funding. peer-to-peer lending and initial coin offerings. Resultscatching up to market developments. The second survey (one year later) was created and disseminatedshowed that regulators responded to the challenges of Covid-19 and increasing digitalization of financialservices by taking both sector-wide and fintech specific regulatory measures. Recent Findex resultshave also demonstrated how much of a difference digital financial services and fintech made to bolsterfinancial inclusion.This latest survey underscored the ongoing impact of the pandemic and how regulators are managingpersistent and emerging consumer risks within fintech, how they aspire to use technology to betterimprovements in financial inclusion and access to finance. At the World Bank we see a growing demandfrom client countries for data driven assessment tools of risk in financial services. Recognising this, thee/gip o sad uaaip Buizin ae sauouane oeinBa auaum pue ou paocxa osje se Aaunsinfrastructures to enhance regulatory and supervisory functions for various fintech verticals.The findings inform how the VVorld Bank and other international organizations might offer support andtechnical assistance to our client countries. The World Bank is committed to supplying evidence-basedknowledge products that can help the global regulatory community better reconcile the benefits, suchas financial inclusion, and the risks of innovation and manage, when needed, the trade-offs betweenthose, VVe aim to translate this understancling into policy dialogue and effective, well designed technicalassistance programmes and operations for our client countries.We thank our collea