气候与发展：行动议程研究报告

WORLDBANKGROUPCLIMATEANDDEVELOPMENT:ANAGENDAFOR ACTIONEmergingInsightsfromWorldBankGroup2021-22CountryClimateandDevelopmentReports 2022 The World Bank Group1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.orgThis work is a product of the staff of The World Bank Group with external contributions, “The World Bank Group*the International Development Association (IDA), the Intemational Finance Corporation (IFC), and the MultilateralInvestment Guarantee Agency (MIGA),The World Bank Group does not guarantee the accuracy, reliability or completeness of the content included in thiswork, or the conclusions or judgments described herein, and accepts no responsibility or liability for any omissionsor errors (including, without limitation, typographical errors and technical errors) in the content whatsoever or forreliaince thereon. The boundairies, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this workvolume do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations of the Worid Bank Group, their respective Boardsof Executive Directors, and the governments they represent.legal, securities, or investment advice, an opinion regarding the appropriateness of any investment, or a solicitationof any type. Some of the organizations of the World Bank Group or their affiliates may have an investment in,named herein,provide other advice or services to, or otherwise have a financlall interest in, certain of the companies and partiesNothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be alimitation upon or waiver of the privileges andimmunities of any of the organizations of The World Bank Group, all of which are specifically reserved.Rights and Permissionsits knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as fullThe material in this work is subject to copyright, Because The World Bank Group encourages dissemination ofattribution to this work is given and all further permissions that may be required for such use (as noted herein)are acquired. The World Bank Group does not warrant that the content contained in this work will not infringe onthe rights of third parties, and acoepts no responsibiity orliability in this regard. Allqueries on rights and licenses20433, USA; e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.orgCover design: Brad AmburnClimete ane Develaprent: An Agerde fer Aetior 1.ContentsForeword,4Summary.....61. Country Climate and Development Reports: Integrating climate change and development.2. Cllmate change poses a major threat to long-term development objectives102.1, Climate change has widespread, deep, and cascading effects across most sectors102.2. Boosting resilience and adaptation is an urgent and integral part of development and poverty reduction,especially in low-income countries ..132.3. Even with adaptation, successful development and poverty reduction require accelerated mitigation action,especially from high-income countries and large emitters.193.Climate objectives can be achieved without compromising development.213.1, Structural change and supportive policy environments are needed for successful and just climate action.213.2. Sectoral transitions with private sector mobilization create opportunities to reduce GHG emissions whilecontributing to development.223.3. Most countries can follow development pathways that align with a just transition and the Paris Agreementwithout major trade-offs .334. Success requires urgent policy reforms and increased financlal support from the internationalcommunity394.1. Innovative climate finanoe solutions to meet additional investment needs394.2. Consider the political economy in policy design ..454.3. Building institutional capacity and improving governance and decision making464.4. Accelerated innovation and scaling up key technologies for adaptation and mitigation.47..495. Prioritization and sequencing: a requisite for success....515.1. Prioritizing what is good for development or urgent to achieve climate goals.515.2. Main recommendations in the CCDRs,..526.Conclusion.55AcronymsCBAMCarbon Border Adjustment MechanismCCAPClimate Change Action PlanCCDRCountry Climate and Development ReportCPATClimate Policy Assessment ToolCSAclimate-smart agricultureDRMEUdisaster risk managementEVclectric vehicleEuropean UnionGDPgross domestic productGHGGRIDgreenhouse gasGreen, Resilient, and Inclusive DevelopmentHIChigh-income countryLIClower-middle-income countrylow-income countryLMICM&EMANAGE(Worid Banks) Mitigation, Adaptation, and New Technologies Applied General Equilibriummonitoring and evaluationMFMod(World Bank's) Macro-Fiscal ModelMICmiddle-inoome countryNDCNationally Determined ContributionO&MSMEoperations and maintenancesmalland medium-sized enterpriseSOEstate-owned enterpriseUMICupper-middle-income countriesCliete ane Develaprent: An Agerde fer Aetior AchievingClimateandDevelopmentGoalsTogetherForewordbyDavidMalpassDeveloping countries face a unique challenge of having to a