UNOenvironmentprogrammeThe Closing WindowClimatecrisiscallsforrapidtransformationofsocietiesEmissionsGapReport2022 2022United Nations Environment ProgrammeISBN:978-92-807-3979-4Jobnumber:DEW/2477/NAThis publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit services withoutsoecialpermissionfromthecopvriahtholder.providedacknowledoementofthesourceismade,TheUnitedNationsEnvironment Programmewould appreciatereceivinga copyof anypublication that uses thispublication as a source.No use of this publication may be made for resale or any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permissioninwritingfromtheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme.ApplicationsTorsuchpermission,withastatementofthepurpose andextent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Director, Communication Division, United NationsEnvironment Programme,P.0.Box 30552,Nairobi00100,Kenya.Disclaimerssconcerning the legal status of any countrySome illustrations or graphics appearing in this publication may have been adapted from content published by thirdoarties.Thismayhavebeendoneto illustrateandcommunicatetheauthors'owninterpretationsofthekeymessagesemergingfromillustrationsorgraphicsproducedbythirdparties.Insuchcases,thematenalinthispublicationdoesnotthe source materials used as a basis for such graphics orillustrations.Mention of a commercial company or product in this document does not imply endorsement by the United Nationspermitted. Trademark names and symbols are usedin an editorialfashion with no intention on infringement of trademarkor copyright laws.The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the UnitedeMaps,photosandillustrationsasspecifiedSuggested citationCo-produced with:UNEP Copenhagen Climate Centre (UNEP-CCC) and CONCITO -Denmark's green think tank.UNOCONCITOenvironmentprogrammeSupported by:Sweden28Govenmert ef te NetherlandsSverigeUNEPpromotesenvironmentallysoundpracticesgloballyandin its ownactivities.Ourdistribution policyaimsto reduceUNEP'scarbonfootprint The Closing WindowClimatecrisiscallsforrapidtransformationofsocietiesEmissionsGapReport2022 Emissions Gap Report 2022:The Closing WindowAcknowledgementsThe United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) wouldFransen(World Resources Institute, United Stateslike to thank the members of the steering committee,of America)the lead and contributing authors, the reviewers, and theSecretariat for their contribution to the preparation of thisContributing authors: Caitling Bergh (Energy Systemsassessment report. Authors and reviewers have contributedResearch Group, University of Cape Town, South Africa)to the report in their individual capacities. Their affiliationsAnna Chapman (Climate Analytics, Australia), Nandiniare only mentioned for identification purposes.Das (Climate Analytics, Australia). Kim Coetzee (ClimateTransparency, Germany), Neil Grant (Climate Analytics,SteeringcommitteeGermany). Mariana Gutierrez (HUMBOLDT-VIADRINAJuliane Berger (German Environment Agency). JohnGovernance Platform, Mexico), Gahee Han (Solutions forChristensen (CONCITO Denmark's green think tank).Our Climate, Republic of Korea), Fre deric Hans (NewClimateNavroz K. Dubash (Centre for Policy Research, India).University of Oxford, United Kingdom), Jiang Kejun (EnergyInstitute, Germany), Camila Hyslop (Net Zero Tracker andSamuel Karslake (Department for Business, Energy andIndustrial Strategy, United Kingdom), Wael Farag BasyounyResearch Institute, China), Joojin Kim (Solutions for OuKeshk (Ministry of Environment, Egypt), Jian Liu (UNEP).Climate, Republic of Korea). Ben King (Rhodium Group.Gerd Leipold (Climate Transparency), Simon MaxwellUnited States of America), Aman Majd (Climate Analytics,(independent), Surabi Menon (ClimateWorks Foundation).Germany), Andrew Marquard (Energy Systems ResearchDirk Nemitz (United Nations Framework ConventionGroup, University of Cape Town, South Africa), Bryceon Climate Change [UNFCCC]), Henry Neufeldt (UNEPMcCall (Energy Systems Research Group, University ofCopenhagen Climate Centre [UNEP-CCC], Katia SimeonovaCape Town, South Africa), Malte Meinshausen (University(independent), Youba Sokona (lntergovernmental Panelof Melbourne, Australia), Mia Moisio (NewClimate Institute,on Climate Change [IPCC]), Oksana Tarasova ((WorldGermany), Silke Mooldjk (NewClimate Institute, Germany).Meteorological Organization)Leonardo Nascimento (NewClimate Institute, Germany).AuthorsNatalie Pelekh (NewClimate Institute, Germany). AnneOIhoff (CONCITO Denmark's green think tank) JazminChapter1Rocco Predassi (Fundacion Ambiente y Recursos NaturalesArgentina), Analuz Presbitero (iniciativa Climatica de Mexico,Authors: Anne OIhoff (CONCITO Denmark's green thinkMexico), Martin Birk Rasmussen (CONCITO Denmark'stank), John Christensen (CONCITO Denmark's greengreen think tank), Carley Reynolds (Climate Analytics,think tank)Germany), Joeri Rogelj (Grantham Institute, Imperial CollegeChapter2