The District of Columbia Mayor's Focused Improvement Area Initiative: Review of the Literature Relevant to Collaborative Crime Reduction

The District of Columbia Mayor’sFocused Improvement Area Initiative: Review of the Literature Relevant to Collaborative Crime Reduction Dec 2010Jesse JannettaMegan DenverCaterina Gouvis Roman Nicole Prchal Svajlenka Martha RossBenjamin Orr The District of Columbia Crime Policy Institute (DCPI) was established at the Urban Institute in collabora-tion with the Brookings Institution, through the jointly administered Partnership for Greater WashingtonResearch with funding from the Justice Grants Administration in the Executive Office of the Mayor. DCPI isa nonpartisan, public policy research organization focused on crime and justice policy in Washington, DC.DCPI’s mission is to support improvements in the administration of justice policy through evidence-basedresearch. An assessment of the Mayor’s Focused Improvement Areas (FIA) Initiative is one of DCPI’s threeoriginal research projects in FY2010. For more information on DCPI, see http://www.dccrimepolicy.org©2011. The Urban Institute. All rights reserved.The views expressed are those of the authors and should not be attributed to the District of Columbia CrimePolicy Institute, the Urban Institute, the Brookings Institution, their trustees, or their funders.This report was funded by the Justice Grants Administration, Executive Office of the District of ColumbiaMayor under sub-grant 2009-JAGR-1114. TablesiFiguresiiAcronymsiii1 Introduction12 Programmatic Elements52.1Crime and Violence Intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52.1.1Problem Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52.1.2Targeting the Intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82.1.3Community Policing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92.1.4Suppression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102.1.5Focused Deterrence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112.1.6Reentry Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122.1.7Gang Interventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132.1.8Criminal Justice—Human Services Collaborations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142.1.9Balancing and Sequencing Interventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .152.2Targeted Prevention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .152.2.1Neighborhood Analysis and Identifying the Target Population . . . . . . . . . . . . .152.2.2Outreach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .162.2.3Mentoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172.2.4Counseling and Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .182.2.5Case Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .192.2.6Mental Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .202.2.7Substance Abuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .202.2.8Job Training/Placement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .212.2.9School-Based Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232.2.10 Family-Based Interventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .242.2.11 Addressing Physical Disorder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .243 Process and Structural Elements263.1Interagency Collaboration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .263.1.1Leadership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .273.1.2Partnership Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .283.1.3Barriers and Challenges to Interagency C