Mapping India’s Energy Policy 2022:Aligning support and revenues with a net-zero future© 2022 The International Institute for Sustainable Development and the Council on Energy, Environment and Water © 2022 The International Institute for Sustainable Development and the Council on Energy, Environment and WaterPublished by the International Institute for Sustainable Development.This publication is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.International Institute for Sustainable DevelopmentThe International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) is an award-winning independent think tank working to accelerate solutions for a stable climate, sustainable resource management, and fair economies. Our work inspires better decisions and sparks meaningful action to help people and the planet thrive. We shine a light on what can be achieved when governments, businesses, non-profits, and communities come together. IISD’s staff of more than 120 people, plus over 150 associates and consultants, come from across the globe and from many disciplines. With offices in Winnipeg, Geneva, Ottawa, and Toronto, our work affects lives in nearly 100 countries.IISD is a registered charitable organization in Canada and has 501(c)(3) status in the United States. IISD receives core operating support from the Province of Manitoba and project funding from governments inside and outside Canada, United Nations agencies, foundations, the private sector, and individuals.About GSIThe IISD Global Subsidies Initiative (GSI) supports international processes, national governments and civil society organizations to align subsidies with sustainable development. GSI does this by promoting transparency on the nature and size of subsidies; evaluating the economic, social, and environmental impacts of subsidies; and, where necessary, advising on how inefficient and wasteful subsidies can best be reformed. GSI is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, and works with partners located around the world. Its principal funders have included the governments of Denmark, Finland, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom, as well as the KR Foundation.Council on Energy, Environment and WaterThe Council on Energy, Environment and Water (CEEW) is one of Asia’s leading not-for-profit policy research institutions. The Council uses data, integrated analysis, and strategic outreach to explain – and change – the use, reuse, and misuse of resources. It prides itself on the independence of its high-quality research, develops partnerships with public and private institutions, and engages with the wider public. In 2021, CEEW once again featured extensively across ten categories in the 2020 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report. The Council has also been consistently ranked among the world’s top climate change think tanks. CEEW is certified as a Great Place To Work®. Follow us on Twitter @CEEWIndia for the latest updates. Mapping India’s Energy Policy 2022: Aligning support and revenues with a net-zero future May 2022Written by Prateek Aggarwal, Siddharth Goel, Tara Laan, Tarun Mehta, Aditya Pant, Swasti Raizada, Balasubramanian Viswanathan, Anjali Viswamohanan, Christopher Beaton, and Karthik Ganesan. Head Office111 Lombard Avenue, Suite 325 Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada R3B 0T4 Te l : +1 (204) 958-7700 Website: www.iisd.org Twitter: @IISD_newsGlobal Subsidies InitiativeInternational Environment House 2, 9 chemin de Balexert 1219 Châtelaine Geneva, Switzerland Canada R3B 0T4Te l : +1 (204) 958-7700 Website: www.iisd.org/gsi Twitter: @globalsubsidiesCouncil on Energy, Environment and Water (CEEW)ISID Complex 4 Vasant Kunj Institutional Area, New Delhi 110070, IndiaTe l : +91 11 40733300 Website: www.ceew.in Twitter: @CEEWIndia IISD.org/gsi iiiAcknowledgementsThe authors are indebted to previous collaboration between the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD), ICF India, the Overseas Development Institute, and the Council on Energy, Environment and Water (CEEW) for establishing the subsidy database that underlies this publication. For this update, the majority of new data and revisions to previous data on energy subsidies were prepared by co-authors Prateek Aggarwal, Tarun Mehta, and Danwant Narayanaswamy (formerly) from CEEW, and Balasubramanian Viswanathan and Anjali Viswamohanan from IISD. Additionally, the chapter on subsidies was principally drafted by Prateek Aggarwal and Tarun Mehta from CEEW, while the section on public sector undertakings was principally drafted by Balasubramanian Viswanathan from IISD with support from Aziza Dossybayeva, Vilma Beqa, and Timur Naushirvanov from Central European University. The new section on public finance was principally drafted by Anjali Viswamohanan and Swasti Raizada from IISD. Further, the chapter on energy revenues and externalities was drafted by Tara Laan and Siddharth Goel from IISD along with independent consultant Adi